QUESTION 1
Which of the following does not contribute to the increase in small intestinal surface area?
Crypts of Lieberkuhn
Goblet cells
Brush border
Microvili
Villi
3.25 points
QUESTION 2
Match the following peptides and signaling molecules with their classification.
Gastrin
Cholecystokinin
Secretin
GIP
Somatostatin
Histamine
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Enkephalins (opioids)
Substance P
A.
Paracrine
B.
Neurocrine
C.
Endocrine
5.5 points
QUESTION 3
Which of the following is not a function on the large intestines in ALL animals?
Feces formation and storage
Microbial fermentation
Protein Absorption
Water and electrolyte recovery from ingesta
3.25 points
QUESTION 4
Which of the following benefits do microbes provide to both cranial and caudal fermenters?
Essential vitamin sythesis
Proteins from the breakdown of microbial bodies
Absorbable energy source from cellulose digestion
Proteins produced from non-protein nitrogen sources
3.25 points
QUESTION 5
Which of the following domesticated animals lacks a gall bladder?
Cow
Cat
Horse
Dog
3 points
QUESTION 6
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Fatty acids are produced and absorbed throughout the large intestine of ruminants
Absorption of dietary protein in equids occurs primarily throughout the large intestine
Equid intestinal fermentation occurs in pouches throughout the hindgut called teniae
The ventriculus in birds is equivalent to the glandular stomach of mammals
3.25 points
QUESTION 7
Which of the following statements about the GI system of horses is FALSE?
The glandular and non-glandular portions of the horse stomach are separated by the margo plicatus.
Horses eructate to increase the mechanical digestion of cud.
Increases in horse PNS activity increase the frequency and force of their gastric contractions and secretion of gastric acid.
The small stomach size of horses makes it difficult for them to handle large quantities of food at a time.
3.25 points
QUESTION 8
Which GI wall layer is specialized for absorption and secretion?
Muscular
Mucosal
Submucosal
Serosal
3.25 points
QUESTION 9
Most of the enzymes required for digestion are produced by the
Pancreas
Small intestine
Stomach
Liver
3.25 points
QUESTION 10
Which of the following statements is true?
Both salivary and pancreatic acinar cells produce digestive enzymes
Pancreatic fluids are hypotonic relative to other body fluids
Pancreatic fluids have a low pH to facilitate protein digestion
The pancreas is primarily an endocrine organ with small packets of exocrine glands
3.25 points
QUESTION 11
Which of the following volatile fatty acids is produced in the greatest abundance during GI Fermentation?
Propionic acid
Carbonic acid
Acetic acid
Butyric acid
3 points
QUESTION 12
Which of the following inhibits gastric acid secretion?
Histamine
GIP
Acetylcholine
Gastrin
3 points
QUESTION 13
Which of the following does NOT increase parietal cell gastric acid production?
Gastrin
Histamine
Prostaglandins
Acetylcholine
3 points
QUESTION 14
Which of the following about the esophageal groove is FALSE?
Is functional throughout the life all ruminants
Prevents colostrum and milk fermentation
Allows milk to bypass rumen, reticulum and omasum
Forms based on the the posture of the animal
3.25 points
QUESTION 15
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Pepsin is a protease that helps digest proteins.
Gastric acid converts pepsinogen to pepsin.
Parietal cell activity is inhibited by somatostatin.
Pepsinogen is produced by gastric parietal cells